#' @importFrom tibble tibble
NULL

#' Partisan Politics in the Global Economy
#'
#' A data set on government spending in select rich countries as a function of
#' trade/GDP, financial openness, and the state-year-level engagement in trade
#' unions. The data offer a means to quasi-replicate Garrett's (1998) argument
#' about left-wing governments' ability to stem the tide of globalization's
#' effect on decreased government spending.
#'
#' @format A data frame with the following 9 variables.
#' \describe{
#' \item{\code{country}}{a character vector for the country}
#' \item{\code{iso3c}}{a character vector for the three-character country ISO code}
#' \item{\code{year}}{the year}
#' \item{\code{govtspendgdp}}{total government spending over GDP}
#' \item{\code{tradegdp}}{the volume of trade over GDP}
#' \item{\code{kaopen}}{an index measuring a country's degree of capital account openness}
#' \item{\code{ka_open}}{an alternate index measuring a country's degree of capital account openness, normalized to be between 0 and 1}
#' \item{\code{v2catrauni}}{an estimate of a country's engagement in independent trade unions, generated by way of a Bayesian item response model}
#' \item{\code{v2catrauni_ord}}{an estimate of a country's engagement in independent trade unions, on ordinal scale. See details.}
#' }
#'
#' @details The data are an unbalanced panel because of data missingness primarily
#' affecting Switzerland (which would only appear in the panel in earnest starting
#' in the mid-1990s). The Netherlands has some missing data in the mid-1970s. Spain
#' and Portugal appear at the start of the panel, though the transition to democracy
#' for both wouldn't start until 1974/1975. The data also have some obvious
#' COVID weirdness for 2020. Perhaps an honest re-assessment of Garrett (1998)
#' may want to drop Switzerland altogether, ignore 2020, and lop a few years off
#' the Spanish and Portuguese panel. What you do with the Netherlands is up to you.
#'
#' Briefly: the government spending/GDP data come from the International
#' Monetary Fund. The trade/GDP data come from the World Bank's API.
#' The financial openness indicators come by way of the Chinn-Ito index. The
#' engagement in trade unions data are from the Varieties of Democracy project.
#' The ordinal measure of the trade union estimates communicate what percentage
#' of the population is active in independent trade unions. Values include 0)
#' virtually no one 1) a small share of the population (less than 5%), 2) A
#' moderate share of the population (about 5 to 15%). 3) A large share of
#' the population (about 16 % to 25%). 4) A very large share of the population
#' (about 26% or more).
#'
#' @references
#'
#' Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Jan Teorell,
#' Nazifa Alizada, David Altman, Michael Bernhard, Agnes Cornell, M. Steven Fish, Lisa
#' Gastaldi, Haakon Gjerløw, Adam Glynn, Sandra Grahn, Allen Hicken, Garry Hindle, Nina
#' Ilchenko, Katrin Kinzelbach, Joshua Krusell, Kyle L. Marquardt, Kelly McMann, Valeriya
#' Mechkova, Juraj Medzihorsky, Pamela Paxton, Daniel Pemstein, Josefine Pernes, Oskar
#' Rydén, Johannes von Römer, Brigitte Seim, Rachel Sigman, Svend-Erik Skaaning, Jeffrey
#' Staton, Aksel Sundström, Eitan Tzelgov, Yi-ting Wang, Tore Wig, Steven Wilson and Daniel
#' Ziblatt. 2022. "V-Dem [Country-Year/Country-Date] Dataset v12" Varieties of Democracy
#' (V-Dem) Project. \doi{10.23696/vdemds22}
#'
#' Chinn, Menzie D. and Hiro Ito. 2006. "What Matters for Financial Development?
#' Capital Controls, Institutions, and Interactions." *Journal of Development
#' Economics* 81(1): 163--192.
#'
#' Garrett, Geoffrey. 1998. *Partisan Politics in the Global Economy* New York,
#' NY: Cambridge University Press.
#'
"PPGE"